Steam or hot-water boiler



Dec. 6, 1949 Filed May 2, 1946 T. E. LENNON STEAM OR HOT WATER BOILER I 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

Filed May 2, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 P/ZZZ 2 m. M i E W W M, 4/ Y m E m T N V WW M K a 5 m n o v 5 A 4 a n a I 0 O O V! 2 m o o B A. 4 9 an M E o o 2 r 0 km 2 9w 0 u m J vll AA a o 5 J v v w F J, v 0 n w 0 s 7 HH I KMU/ 2 w m 2 M M M R '5 Sheets-Sheet s 1 T. LENNON STEAM OR HOT WATER BOILER Filed May 2, 1946 INVENTOR. BY 'W P/LL 5 Patented Dec. 6, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 8 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in steam or hot water boilers, with particular reference to those employed in domestic heating systems, although not, of course, limited thereto.

Boilers of the general class indicated as heretofore produced have failed to achieve any high degree of efficiency for a number of reasons. In the first place, they have usually been characterized by a relatively short passage for the products of combustion, from the fire-box to the outlet flue, which means that a large portion of the heat simply goes up the chimney instead of being utilized to heat the water jacket.

Another efficiency reducing characteristic in the conventional boiler, is that multiple supply and return lines for the steam or hot water are frequently employed and they laclL means for causing the return supply to properly traverse the product-of-combustion heated areas while travelling from the return inlet to the supply outlet. In short, what usually happens in the usual boiler design is that the fluid short circuits, which is to say, is permitted to travel almost directly from the return inlet to the supply outlet. The obvious result is unnecessary fuel expenditure in obtaining the desired heat output in the radiator system.

The invention, therefore, has for its primary object to overcome the aforenoted objections through the provision of a sectional boiler construction which not only causes the products of combustion to traverse substantially the entire area of each jacket section in its passage to an outlet; but also provides means whereby the heated medium, whether steam or hot water, is compelled to traverse the entire product of combustion heated area of each section in its passage from the return or inlet line to the supply line outlet. A maximum of efficiency is therefore achieved for a given fuel expenditure.

More specifically stated, the invention contemplates a sectional boiler comprehending a plurality of water jacketed sections and novel means for not only alignedly connecting the sections, but

as reinforcements for the boiler section connectors.

Still another object is to provide a sectional boiler wherein the sections besides having reout of service for any appreciable period, such also for establishing fluid communication therebetween. Said units being arranged to provide the fluid inlet to one section at a point remote from the fluid outlet therefrom which supplies the fluid to the next adjacent section.

Additionally, it is anaim of the invention to provide section connectors, as stated, which incorporate vanes or the like for deflecting in different directions the fluid supplied from one seetion to another, said vanes furthermore serving as while Waiting for a replacement section. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art upon reference to the accompanying drawings, in connection with the detailed description thereof appearing hereinafter.

In accordance with the patent statutes, the illustration and description deal with a now preferred example of the invention. However, it is susceptible of other mechanical expression within the spirit and scope of the subject matter claimed hereinafter.

In the drawings, wherein the same reference characters have been used to designate the same parts throughout the several views:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a boiler embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view through the assembled boiler taken substantially on the plane of the line 2-2 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken at right angles to the disclosure in Fig. 2 and approximately on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the fire box crown section removed;

, Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view through the fire box crown section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig.4;

Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of the firebox crown section removed;

Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal sectional View through one of the nipples for connecting the water jackets of adjacent boiler sections; and

Fig. 8 is a top plan view of one of the nipples of Fig. '7.

Referring to the drawings by reference characters, numeral 9 designates what in the present instance is a rectangular base section having inner edge bearing recesses in the top portions of Supported upon the top of the base section 9' is a generally rectangular fire box section l4,

whose side and rear walls Ma, Mb, slant inwardly slightly in the direction of their upper ends so as to make for better heat transmission from the" fire, it being understood, of course, that the fire box section is of double walled construction to' provide the water jacket IS.

The front wall Me of the fire box section has adjacent its lower edge the clinker removal opening which is controlled by the vertically pivoted clinker door it, while adjacent the upper end of the fire box section front wall there is provided the conventional fire door it, which is carried by the usual door frame which has a gas-tight fit with the opening provided in the front wall He.

The water jacket 15, of course, has the front wall-provided portion which communicates with the side wal portions. It is particularly to be noted that the water jacket lehas preferably in its rear wall l ib, adjacent its lower edge and one side wall, the single fluid return inlet Hi. There is particular advantage of but a single inlet as against several return inlets which is conventional practice. Further reference to this will be made later on.

Transmission of fluid under thermal action from the fire box Water jacket iii to the water jacket I?! of the superjacent or fire box crown boiler section 20, is bad through the single rectangular top opening a, in one side wall Ma of firebox section M. This opening Ida communicates with the correspondingly shaped and posiq.

tioned water jacket inlet 19a, of said fire box crown section 20.

As illustrated, the fire box crown section 20 has its under surface provided with a plurality of laterally spaced hollow heat absorbing ribs 23 which are a part of the fire box crown section water jacket 19. These hollow ribs 23 extend from theiront end of the section 2iibut terminate at the site of the transversely disposed product of combustion outlet 24 adjacent the rear end.

It is particularly to be noted that the product of combustion opening 2d ofsaid section 20 is provided with angularly disposed deflector vanes 25- which are laterally spaced from one another and extend the full width of opening 24. While four of these vanes 25 are shown, the number may, of course, be increased or-diminished. The

: vanes 25 adjacent one end of the-opening are inclined theretoward, while the vanes adjacent the other end of opening 24 are inclined toward that end.

An important thing to benoted, in respect to the-pair of spaced laterally inclined product of combustion deflecting vanes 25 adjacent each end of: the combustion outlet 26 of the fire box crown section 20, is that they assure of the transmission of hot gases to the outer ones of the laterally spaced lineal channels 27a formed in the bottom of the super-jacent boiler section 28. It is to be n'oted'that the lineal channels Zia of said super- 4 jacent section 28 are separated by hollow laterally spaced heat absorbing ribs 21 which are similar to the ribs 23 of section 28 and are part of the water jacket 28a of the superjacent boiler section 23.

Adverting again to the fire box section it, and its crown section 29, it will be observed that the aligned outlet and inlet openings 1541, we, receive a rectangular connecting. nipple 2! which is shaped to make a snug fi't' in said openings and has the vertical jacket connecting passage 21a.

This rectangular connecting nipple 21 has a three-fold function. Firstly, it establishes fluid communication between the Water jackets l5, 19 of the fire box and crown sections M, 28. Secondly, it provides a means for properly centering the crown section 20 upon the fire box section 54;

and thirdly, said connector nipple 2! provides directional flow means in the form of inclined panels 22 for directing incoming fiuid to both the I front and rear-of thewat'er jacket iii of said fire box crown section 20.

The directional flow panels 22 adjacent the rear end of the section 26 are inclined in that direction, while the other two panels are inclined forwardly. This arrangement assures of uniform heat treatment of the boiler fluid because it will be caused to pass in substantially uniform volume laterally across the spaced water jacket channels which are provided by the hollow ribs. 23 in order to reach the rectangular outlet 25 to the jacket of the superjacent' section 28. The fluid outlet 25 of crown section 20 is at the opposite. side of same from. the water jacket. inlet 18c. A very eflicient and uniform heating of the. boiler fluidis thus achieved, and with a minimum of fuel instead of being atv the rear.. the fluid jacket inlet 29 is at. the opposite side expenditure.

The rectangular boiler section 28, previously 4 alluded to as supported upon the fire box crown except that its product of combustion outlet 3| is. located adjacent the front end of said section Also, of course,

from the crown section inlet and is in registry with, the fluid. jacket outlet 25 of said crown section. The section 28 provides a flue clean-out opening which is controlled by the usual vertically pivoted door 30.

The section 28' has a water jacket outlet 23b, and such outlet: is disposed in. registry with the correspondingly shaped inlet 32 of the water jacket 32a of the rectangular dome section 33. The under surface of dome section 33 also has hollow laterally spaced heat absorbing ribs 35 as a part'of its water'jacket 32a and these ribs are separated by channels 35. And there is a product of combustion outlet 36 in its top adjacent its rear end; Products of combustion pass fromthe l dome section opening33 to the usual smoke outlet hood 31; which is fitted in said opening. hood 3? has the conventionarch'eckvalveopening The which is controlled by the horizontally pivoted plate valve 39.

Alternate operation of the check valve 33 and the force-draft valve- !3 is effected by the lever i!) 'which is pivoted as is usual in the bearing M carried by the topof'" dome section 33. There is the usual chain connection between the lever All 'and the valves as indicated by reference characters 42, 43, respectively;

The single outlet or supply line connection 44,

to the radiator system is provided preferably at one side of the dome section 33 and intermediate the ends thereof.

In order to hold the sections 20, 28, 33, in tightly clamped relationship, I provide the dome section '33 and the fire box section M with aligned aper tured ears 45, preferably in spaced pairs. These ears 45 receive the tie rods 46 having nuts whereby the rods effect joining of the sections into tight contact.

From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that the products of combustion from the fire box section M have initial direct contact with the lineall ribbed under surface 23, 23a, of the water jacketed fire box crown section 20 and then pass through the rear product of combustion outlet 24 of said crown section to impinge against the ribbed under surface 21, 21a. of section 28. -The deflecting panels 25 in the product of combustion outlet 24 assure of deflection of the products of combustion to the ribs and channels '21, 21a adjacent each side of the superjacent section 28. The products of combustion then pass forwardly to the fume outlet 3!, of said asuperjacent section 28 to reach the ribbed or grooved under surface 34, 35, of the water jacketed dome section 33, passing thence rearpreviously indicated to conduct the fumes laterally to the outermost channels or grooves of the respective sections so that each transverse area will receive uniform heat treatment for heating the water jacket contained fluid, whether steam or water.

A very high degree of efficiency and conservation of fuel is effected by the product of comb-ustion outlet arrangement mentioned, but the arrangement of inlets and outlets from the water jackets of the respective sections is equally important.

Fig. 3 illustrates that the fluid from the jacket portion 15 of the fire box section i4 passes into the fire box crown section jacket I9 at one side through the rectangular nipple 2i and passes from said jacket i9 through a similar nipple 2| at the opposite side into the jacket 28a of the superjacent section 28. Thus, the fluid traverses laterally the entire series of hollow lineally extending ribs 23. Also, the forwardly and rearwardly inclined deflectors 22, in the jacket connecting nipples 2| deflects the fluid forwardly and rearwardly in the respective sections so that there will be an initial uniform spread of fluid throughout the entire length of each jacketed section.

The deflector panels or vanes 22 in the rectangular nipples 2| not only have the fluid deflecting function mentioned but they also reinforce said nipples. This is important because the nipples 2| serve to center and retain the boiler sections in operative relationship.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a boiler or the like, comprising a water jacketed fire box section and superjacent water jacketed fume outlet passage-providing sections carried thereby in stacked relationship thereto and to one another, the combination of combined section centering and water jacket connecting passage, the outlet from the the opposite end nipples interposed between the respective sections, and a pair of spaced transversely disposed fluid-directing panels in each nipple for directing fluid passing therethrough laterally in opposite directions.

2. The combination of a boiler comprising a flre box section, superposed water jacket providing boiler sections carried by said fire box section and disposed in stacked relationship to the latter and to one another, said jacket providing section defining a product of combustion exit passage, the outlet from the portion of said passage which is provided by each section being at the opposite end from the outlet provided by adjacent sections, a fluid connection between the water jackets of adjacent sections, the respective fluid connections being located alternately at opposite sides of the boiler whereby the boiler fluid is caused to proceed transversely of said sections across the path of subjacent prod not of combustion passageway, and each of said water jacket fluid connections comprising a rectangular nipple providing a vertical fluid passageway of like outline, and at least one transversely disposed fluid directing panel adjacent each end of said nipple provided passage and inclined toward the proximate end thereof whereby to direct incoming boiler fluid to opposite ends of each section.

3. The combination of a boiler comprising a fire box section, superposed water jacket providing boiler section-s carried by said fire box section and disposed in stacked relationship to the latter and to one another, said jacket providing section defining a product of combustion exit portion of said passage which is provided by each section being at from the outlet provided by a fluid connection between of adjacent sections, the readjacent sections, the water jackets "spective fluid connections being located alter-- nately at opposite sides of the boiler whereby the boiler fluid is caused to proceed transversely of said sections across the path of subjacent product of combustion passageway, and each of said water jacket providing boiler sections having laterally spaced lineally extending heat absorbing ribs extending into the portion of the combustion exit passage provided thereby, and deflectors adjacent the opposite sides of said exit passage portion outlets and inclined theretoward whereby to deflect hot fumes to the outermost ones of said water jacket provided ribs of the superjacent exit passage portion and to the spaces between said ribs.

4. In a boiler comprising juxtaposed water jacket providing sections, means for centering said sections upon one another and comprising a water jacket connecting nipple, and each of said sections having a nipple receiving recess, said nipple having a vertical fluid passage of rectangular outline, deflectors adjacent each end of said passage and having their upper ends inclined towards said adjacent passage end whereby to direct fluid from one boiler section towards opposite ends of the superjacent section.

5. The combination set forth in claim 4, and each of said boiler sections providing a portion of a combustion exit passage, and at least one of said sections having its water jacket providing laterally spaced lineally extending grooves and said groove portion projecting into the combustion exit passage to define spaced heat absorbing ribs extending lengthwise Of said exit passage.

6. A boiler comprising in combination, a fire box, superposed water jacketed sections carried by said fire box and arranged in stacked relation to the same and to each other, water jacket connecting means comprising fluid passages between the water jackets or adjacent sections only, said passages between one pair of adjacent sections being at one side of said boiler and the connecting means for the next adjacent section being at the opposite side of said boiler, means in each passage for directing fluid passing therethrough laterally in opposite directionsin the adjacent section, said sections providing a lineal-1y and vertically extending product of combustion outlets, said lineally extending outlets transvering first rearwardly and then forwardly between said sections, and each of said vertical outlets having means for directing products of combustion passing therethrough laterally inan adjacent lineally extending outlet in opposite directions substantially at right angles to the flow of fluid in adjacent jacket sections.

'7. In a boiler, the combination with a fire box, superposed water jacketed sections carried by said fire box in vertically spaced relation whereby to provide a plurality of vertically spaced horizontally disposed water jackets extendingtransversely across said fire box, marginal vertically disposed water passages connecting adjacent jacket sections, said vertical passages being staggered, horizontal smoke fiues interposed between adjacent jacket sections, and laterally staggered smoke passages connecting adjacent horizontally disposed fines and extending through adjacent jacket sections; of diverging water bafile means in eachwater passage for directing the flow of water passing therethrough horizontally in opposite directions across the entire width of the jacket section next above, diverging smoke baffle means in each smoke passage for directing the flow of smoke passing therethrough horizontally in opposite directions across the entire width of the smoke flue next above, all of said Water bafile means directing the flow ofall water substantially parallel directions, and all of said smoke battle means directing the flow of all smoke in substantially parallel directions but at right angles to the direction of water flow induced by said water battle.

8. A boiler comprising in combination, a fire box, superposed water jacketed sections carried by said fire box and arranged in stacked relation to the same and to each other, water jacket connecting means comprising fluid passages between the water jackets of adjacent sections only, said passages between one pair of adjacent sections being at one side of said boiler and the connecting means for the next adjacent section being at the opposite side of said boiler, at least a pair of spaced and oppositely inclined bafile panels in each passage for directing fluid passing therethrough laterally in opposite directions in the adjacent sections, said sections providing a lineally' and vertically extending product of combustion outlets, said lineally extending outlets transversing first rearwardly and then forwardly between said sections, and each of said vertical outlets having at least a pair of spaced transversely disposed oppositely inclined baiile panels for directing products of combustion passing therethrough laterally in an adjacent lineally extending outlet in opposite directions substantially at right angles to the flow of fluid in adjacent jacket sections.

THOMAS E. LENNON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the flle of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 932,908 Sadtler Aug. 31, 1909 1,925,299 Brown Sept. 5, 1933 2,141,123 Brabb-ee et a1 Dec. 20, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 569,373 Germany Feb. 1, 1933 

